The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits is a government program that provides financial assistance to individuals who have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working. It is designed to provide a pension to those who are unable to support themselves financially due to their disability.
The CPP disability plan is available to all Canadian residents who have made contributions to the CPP during their working years. To qualify for the disability benefits, individuals must meet specific criteria set by the government, including having a severe and prolonged disability that is expected to last for at least one year.
Once approved for the CPP disability benefits, individuals will receive a monthly pension that is based on their earnings and contributions to the CPP. This pension is crucial for individuals who are unable to work and support themselves financially due to their disability.
It is important to note that the CPP disability benefits are separate from other disability benefits provided by provincial or territorial governments. Individuals may be eligible for both CPP and provincial/territorial disability benefits, depending on their situation.
In conclusion, the Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits is a vital program that provides financial support to individuals with severe and prolonged disabilities. It ensures that these individuals have access to a pension that helps them navigate their challenging circumstances. If you or someone you know is facing a disability that prevents them from working, it is essential to explore the CPP disability benefits and determine if you qualify for this much-needed assistance.
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits is a program that provides financial assistance to individuals who have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working regularly or at all. The CPP Disability Benefits is administered by the Government of Canada and is designed to provide income support to those who are unable to work due to their disability.
To be eligible for CPP Disability Benefits, individuals must have made enough contributions to the CPP while working and have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working for at least one year or is likely to result in death. The disability must also be severe enough that it prevents the individual from doing any type of work on a regular basis.
The amount of CPP Disability Benefits a person receives is based on their average earnings before they became disabled and the number of years they have contributed to the CPP. The monthly benefit amount is calculated using a formula that takes into account the individual’s earnings history and the average wage level in Canada.
CPP Disability Benefits can help individuals and their families cover basic living expenses, medical costs, and other disability-related expenses. It provides financial security and peace of mind to individuals who are unable to work due to their disability.
Applying for CPP Disability Benefits involves filling out an application form and providing supporting documents such as medical reports and other evidence of the disability. The application process can be complex, and it is advised to seek assistance from a disability benefits advocate or lawyer to ensure a successful application.
In conclusion, the Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits is a program that provides financial assistance to individuals with severe and prolonged disabilities who are unable to work. It offers income support and financial security to those who are eligible, helping them cover living expenses and disability-related costs.
To be eligible for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits, individuals must meet certain criteria and requirements set by the CPP program. The CPP Disability Benefits provide financial assistance to individuals who have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working regularly.
To qualify for CPP Disability Benefits, applicants must be under the age of 65 and have made enough contributions to the CPP program. The number of contributions required depends on the individual’s age and work history.
An essential eligibility requirement is having a severe and prolonged disability that makes it impossible for the individual to work regularly. The CPP defines a disability as a physical or mental impairment that is both severe and prolonged, lasting for at least a year or likely to result in death.
Individuals must have a contributory period, which is the time period in which they have contributed to the CPP program. The length of the contributory period varies depending on the individual’s age and work history.
Applicants must have made regular contributions to the CPP program for at least 4 out of the last 6 years before the onset of the disability. This requirement helps to ensure that individuals have actively participated in the workforce and contributed to the CPP program.
Medical documentation is a crucial aspect of the application process. Individuals applying for CPP Disability Benefits must provide medical evidence to support their disability claim. This may include medical records, test results, and reports from healthcare professionals.
In summary, to be eligible for Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits, individuals must be under the age of 65, have made enough contributions to the CPP program, have a severe and prolonged disability, have a contributory period, made regular contributions, and provide medical documentation to support their claim.
The application process for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) disability benefits involves several steps to determine if an individual is eligible to receive these benefits. Here is a breakdown of the process:
The first step is to complete and submit an application for CPP disability benefits to Service Canada. The application can be done online, by mail, or in person at a Service Canada office. It is important to provide all the necessary information and documentation to support your claim.
Along with your application, you will need to provide medical documentation that supports your disability claim. This can include medical reports, test results, and statements from healthcare professionals who have treated you for your disability.
Once your application and medical documentation are received, Service Canada will review your file to determine if you meet the eligibility criteria for CPP disability benefits. They will evaluate your medical condition, work history, and other factors to make a decision.
Service Canada will send you a decision letter informing you of their decision regarding your CPP disability benefits application. If approved, the letter will provide details on the amount of benefits you will receive and when they will start. If denied, the letter will explain the reasons for the decision and provide information on how to appeal.
If your application is denied and you believe the decision is incorrect, you have the right to appeal the decision. The appeal process involves submitting additional information and documentation to support your claim, and attending an appeal hearing with the Social Security Tribunal.
If your application is approved and you start receiving CPP disability benefits, it is important to understand that your eligibility will be reviewed regularly. Service Canada may request updated medical information and conduct reviews to ensure that you still meet the criteria for receiving the benefits.
It is important to consult with a qualified professional or contact Service Canada directly for the most up-to-date and accurate information on the application process for Canada Pension Plan disability benefits.
When applying for disability benefits under the Canada Pension Plan (CPP), it is essential to provide the necessary documentation to support your claim. The documentation helps the CPP authorities evaluate your eligibility for disability benefits.
Here are some of the documents you may need to submit:
1. Medical Reports: A detailed medical report from your healthcare provider is crucial evidence. The report should outline the nature of your disability, its impact on your ability to work, and any prescribed treatments or therapies.
2. Employment Records: Providing documentation related to your previous employment history is important. This includes recent pay stubs, T4 slips, and any other information that verifies your employment status before becoming disabled.
3. Disability Tax Credit Certificate: If you have been approved for the Disability Tax Credit by the Canada Revenue Agency, including a copy of this certificate can strengthen your CPP disability benefits claim.
4. Statements from Witnesses: Any written statements from family members, friends, or coworkers who can provide insight into your disability and its impact on your daily life can be helpful.
5. Treatment Plans and Therapy Reports: If you are receiving any ongoing treatments, therapies, or rehabilitation programs, providing relevant reports and plans can support your claim.
6. Diagnostic Tests and Imaging Results: Including any medical test results, such as blood tests, X-rays, or MRIs, can provide additional evidence to support your disability claim.
7. Completed CPP Disability Application: The completed and signed CPP disability application form is crucial to initiate the benefits evaluation process. Make sure all sections are accurately filled out.
8. Additional Evidence: Depending on your specific disability, you may need to provide additional documentation, such as specialist reports or vocational assessments.
Remember, gathering and submitting all the required documentation increases the chances of a successful CPP disability benefits claim. It is advisable to consult with a disability benefits specialist or legal professional to ensure you have all the necessary paperwork and information.
When applying for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits, it is important to be aware of the processing time involved. The CPP is a government program that provides financial assistance to individuals with disabilities. While the program aims to provide timely support, it is important to understand that the processing times can vary depending on various factors.
The processing time for CPP Disability Benefits can be influenced by factors such as the complexity of the application, the availability of medical documentation, and the volume of applications being processed at any given time. It is important to keep in mind that each application is assessed on a case-by-case basis, and the processing time may vary accordingly.
On average, the processing time for CPP Disability Benefits can range from a few months to a year or more. It is important to be patient during the process and to ensure that all necessary documentation is provided to support your application. This can include medical reports, treatment records, and any other relevant documentation that demonstrates the impact of your disability on your ability to work.
It is also important to note that there are certain circumstances where expedited processing may be possible. For example, if your disability is terminal or life-threatening, you may be eligible for expedited processing. In such cases, it is advisable to contact the CPP office to discuss your situation and inquire about the options available to you.
| Factors that can affect processing time: | Estimated Processing Time |
|---|---|
| Complexity of the application | Varies |
| Availability of medical documentation | Varies |
| Volume of applications being processed | Varies |
It is important to note that the CPP office strives to process applications as efficiently as possible. However, due to the nature of the program and the volume of applications received, there may be delays in processing times.
Once your application has been processed, you will be notified of the decision in writing. If approved, you will start receiving your CPP Disability Benefits. If denied, you have the option to appeal the decision within a certain timeframe.
In conclusion, while the processing time for Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits can vary, it is important to be patient and provide all necessary documentation to support your application. If you have any questions or concerns about the processing time or your application, it is advisable to contact the CPP office for assistance.
If your application for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits has been denied, you have the right to appeal the decision. The appeals process ensures that your case is reviewed again to determine if you are eligible for CPP benefits. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the appeals process:
The first step in the appeals process is to submit a request for reconsideration. You must do this within 90 days of receiving the denial letter. In your request, you should provide any additional medical evidence or documentation that supports your claim for disability benefits.
After you submit your request for reconsideration, a different CPP Disability Benefits officer will review your case. They will reconsider all the information and evidence you provided, as well as any new information you submitted. You will receive a written decision outlining whether your claim has been approved or denied.
If your request for reconsideration is denied, you can further appeal by applying to the Social Security Tribunal. You must do this within 90 days of receiving the reconsideration decision. The Tribunal is an independent body that will review your case and make a new decision based on the evidence provided.
In some cases, the Tribunal may hold a hearing to gather additional information and evidence. The hearing provides an opportunity for you to present your case in person and provide any supporting documentation or witnesses.
After reviewing all the evidence and information, the Social Security Tribunal will make a decision on your appeal. You will receive a written decision outlining whether your claim for CPP Disability Benefits has been approved or denied.
It’s important to note that the appeals process can be lengthy, and it may take several months or even years to receive a decision. It’s crucial to be patient and gather as much supporting evidence as possible to strengthen your case.
Remember, the appeals process is in place to ensure that eligible individuals receive the CPP Disability Benefits they are entitled to. If you believe you are eligible for benefits, don’t give up and exercise your right to appeal the decision.
Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits provide financial support to individuals who have a disability that prevents them from working. The amount of benefits you receive depends on several factors, including your average earnings before the disability, the length of your contributions to the Canada Pension Plan, and your age at the time of disability.
To qualify for these benefits, you must have made enough contributions to the Canada Pension Plan while you were working. The amount you receive is calculated based on your average earnings before the disability, up to a maximum amount set by the government each year.
The formula used to calculate your Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits is complex and takes into account various factors.
First, your average earnings before the disability are determined. This is calculated by dividing your total earnings during your contributory period by the number of months in that period.
Next, your average earnings are adjusted to account for changes in the average Canadian wage over time. This ensures that your benefits reflect the general increase in wages.
The final step is to determine the percentage of your average earnings that will be paid out as disability benefits. This percentage depends on how long you contributed to the Canada Pension Plan and your age at the time of the disability.
For 2021, the maximum monthly Canada Pension Plan Disability benefit is $1,046.66. However, most individuals do not receive the maximum amount, as their average earnings are lower.
It’s important to note that the amount of your Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits can be affected if you are receiving other government benefits, such as workers’ compensation or provincial disability benefits.
Overall, the amount of Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits you receive is tailored to your specific circumstances and is designed to provide financial support for those who are unable to work due to a disability.
Once you are approved for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits, you will receive monthly payments to help support you financially. These payments are usually issued on the fourth Wednesday of each month.
The payment schedule for CPP Disability Benefits is based on your birth month. If you were born between the 1st and the 28th day of the month, your payment will be issued on the fourth Wednesday of that month. For example, if your birthday falls on the 15th of July, you can expect to receive your payment on the fourth Wednesday of July.
If your birth date falls on the 29th, 30th, or 31st day of the month, your payment will be issued on the fourth Wednesday of the following month. For instance, if your birthday is on the 30th of June, your payment will be issued on the fourth Wednesday of July.
If the scheduled payment day falls on a holiday or a weekend, your payment will be issued on the business day before the holiday or weekend. This ensures that you receive your benefits in a timely manner without any delays due to weekends or holidays.
Please note that it may take a few business days for the funds to appear in your bank account after the payment is issued. If you have any concerns or questions about your CPP Disability Benefits payment schedule, it is recommended to contact the CPP office or visit their official website for more detailed information.
Remember, the CPP Disability Benefits are meant to provide financial assistance to individuals with disabilities, so it’s important to stay informed about the payment schedule to help manage your finances effectively.
Under the Canada Pension Plan (CPP), disability beneficiaries may also be eligible for survivor benefits. These benefits are designed to provide support to the surviving spouse or common-law partner and dependent children of a CPP disability beneficiary who has passed away. Here is what you need to know about survivor benefits for CPP disability beneficiaries.
To be eligible for survivor benefits as a CPP disability beneficiary, the following criteria must be met:
If the survivor meets the eligibility criteria, they may be eligible for the following benefits:
It is important to note that survivor benefits for CPP disability beneficiaries are separate from any other survivor benefits that may be available through other sources, such as private insurance or workplace pensions.
Applying for survivor benefits can be done through the CPP application process. It is recommended to contact Service Canada for more information and assistance with the application process.
Overall, survivor benefits can provide crucial financial support for the surviving spouse or common-law partner and dependent children of a CPP disability beneficiary. It is important to understand the eligibility criteria and the benefits available to ensure that you receive the support you are entitled to.
It is important to understand the rules and regulations surrounding working while receiving Canada Pension Plan (CPP) disability benefits. CPP disability benefits are designed to provide financial assistance to individuals who are unable to work due to a severe and prolonged disability. However, there are certain circumstances under which individuals receiving CPP disability benefits can work and earn income.
If you are receiving CPP disability benefits and wish to work, you must meet the following criteria:
If you meet these criteria, you may be able to work and keep receiving your CPP disability benefits. However, it is important to note that your work earnings will be subject to a deduction from your CPP disability benefits.
If you are working while receiving CPP disability benefits, a deduction will be applied to your monthly benefits based on your work earnings. The amount of the deduction will be calculated using a specific formula provided by the CPP.
It is important to report any work earnings to the CPP as soon as possible to ensure that your benefits are adjusted correctly. Failing to report your work earnings could result in overpayments or penalties.
The CPP will review your work earnings and make adjustments to your benefits on an annual basis. It is recommended that you keep track of your work earnings and any changes in your employment status to avoid any issues with your CPP disability benefits.
If you are considering working while receiving CPP disability benefits, it is advisable to consult with a professional who specializes in CPP disability benefits. They can help guide you through the process and ensure that you understand the rules and regulations.
| Pension | Disability | Canada | Plan | CPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Financial assistance | Severe and prolonged disability | Rules and regulations | Monthly earnings limit | Medical evaluation |
| Deduction | Formula | Report work earnings | Overpayments | Professional consultation |
When it comes to the taxation of Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability benefits, there are some important factors to consider. Here is everything you need to know:
The CPP Disability benefits you receive may be partially taxable. The taxable portion will depend on your overall income and whether you are receiving other taxable benefits or credits. The government will determine the taxable amount based on your tax return. It’s important to report your CPP Disability benefits as income on your tax return.
While CPP Disability benefits may be subject to taxation, there are also tax credits and deductions available to offset the tax liability. For example, individuals with disabilities may be eligible for the disability tax credit, which can reduce the amount of income tax owed.
Additionally, you may be able to claim certain medical expenses related to your disability as deductions. This can help lower your overall taxable income and reduce your tax burden.
By default, CPP Disability benefits are not subject to tax withholding. This means that you may need to set aside a portion of your benefits to cover your eventual tax liability. It’s important to budget for this and ensure you have enough funds to pay any taxes owed come tax time.
However, it is possible to request voluntary tax withholding from your CPP Disability benefits. This can be useful for individuals who prefer to have taxes automatically deducted, preventing the need for a lump sum payment at tax time.
| Taxable Portion of CPP Disability Benefits | Tax Credits and Deductions | Tax Withholding on CPP Disability Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| The taxable portion of CPP Disability benefits will depend on your overall income and whether you are receiving other taxable benefits or credits. It’s important to report your CPP Disability benefits as income on your tax return. | There are tax credits and deductions available to individuals with disabilities to offset their tax liability. Claiming the disability tax credit and deducting related medical expenses can help lower taxable income. | CPP Disability benefits are not subject to tax withholding by default. However, individuals can request voluntary tax withholding if they prefer to have taxes deducted automatically. |
Once you have been approved for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) disability benefits, it is important to understand the requirements for maintaining your benefits. Failure to meet these requirements could result in a loss or reduction of your benefits.
You must notify the CPP if there are any changes in your circumstances that could affect your eligibility for disability benefits. This includes changes in your medical condition, work situation, or any other relevant factors. Failure to report these changes could result in an overpayment of benefits, which you may be required to repay.
The CPP regularly reviews disability benefit cases to ensure that recipients continue to meet the eligibility criteria. These reviews may involve submitting updated medical information, attending medical examinations, or providing any additional information requested by the CPP. It is important to cooperate fully with these reviews to maintain your benefits.
In some cases, the CPP may determine that your medical condition has improved to the point where you are no longer eligible for disability benefits. If this happens, your benefits may be discontinued, and you may need to explore other sources of financial support.
It is important to note that the CPP offers additional support and resources to individuals with disabilities who want to return to work. If you are able to work or wish to explore employment opportunities, it is recommended to contact the CPP to discuss the available options and programs that can support your transition back to work.
Maintaining your Canada Pension Plan disability benefits requires ongoing communication and compliance with the requirements set by the CPP. By staying informed and reporting any changes in your circumstances, you can ensure that you continue to receive the financial support you need.
If you have been receiving Canada Pension Plan (CPP) disability benefits and you are ready to return to work, there are important things you need to know. Returning to work after being on disability does not necessarily mean that your CPP benefits will be immediately terminated. However, it is crucial to understand the rules and regulations surrounding this situation to ensure a smooth transition back to the workforce.
First and foremost, you must notify the CPP office of your intention to return to work. It is recommended to do this as soon as you make the decision to go back to work. This will help prevent any unnecessary delays or complications in the process.
Once you inform the CPP office, they will review your case and determine if you meet the specific criteria for continued disability benefits. The CPP office will assess your current medical condition and work-related capabilities to make an informed decision.
If your return to work is considered a substantial gainful activity (SGA), it may result in your disability benefits being terminated or reduced. SGA is defined as engaging in work that is considered significant and productive enough to earn a certain amount of income, as per CPP guidelines.
However, there are certain exceptions and guidelines that can protect you from losing your benefits right away. The CPP has various programs and provisions in place to support individuals who are trying to re-enter the workforce. These programs, such as the Disability Vocational Rehabilitation Program, provide training and assistance to individuals with disabilities to help them gain employment without compromising their benefits.
It is essential to familiarize yourself with these programs and understand your rights and entitlements as a CPP disability recipient. Taking advantage of these resources can greatly assist you in the process of returning to work while ensuring the security of your benefits.
Additionally, it is crucial to consult with a disability benefits advisor or an employment specialist who can guide you through this transition. They can provide you with valuable information and assistance in navigating the CPP rules and regulations, help you understand your rights, and support you in making informed decisions.
Remember, the return to work process can be complex, but with the right knowledge and support, you can successfully transition back into the workforce while managing your disability benefits effectively.
Receiving Canada Pension Plan Disability (CPP-D) benefits can provide individuals with financial assistance and support when they are unable to work due to a severe and prolonged disability. However, in addition to the regular CPP-D benefits, there are other benefits that beneficiaries can access to further improve their financial situation and quality of life.
One of the additional benefits available to CPP-D beneficiaries is the Extended Disability Benefit (EDB). This benefit provides extra financial support to individuals who have been receiving CPP-D benefits for a certain period of time and are under the age of 65. The EDB can provide an additional monthly payment, helping to address the increased costs and challenges that may arise due to a long-term disability.
CPP-D beneficiaries may also be eligible for additional healthcare coverage. The Canada Health Transfer – Disability Supplement (CHT-DS) can provide financial assistance to help cover the cost of medical expenses, prescription medications, and assistive devices. This supplement is intended to ensure that CPP-D beneficiaries have access to the necessary healthcare and support services they may require.
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Extended Disability Benefit | An additional monthly payment for CPP-D beneficiaries under the age of 65 who have been receiving benefits for a certain period of time. |
| Canada Health Transfer – Disability Supplement | Financial assistance to help cover the cost of healthcare, medication, and assistive devices for CPP-D beneficiaries. |
It is important for CPP-D beneficiaries to familiarize themselves with these additional benefits and eligibility requirements. By taking advantage of these programs, individuals can enhance their financial security and overall well-being while managing the challenges of living with a disability.
As a recipient of Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits, you may be eligible for additional resources and support. These supplemental resources can help you navigate the complexities of the CPP disability program and provide you with additional financial assistance.
1. Disability Alliance BC
The Disability Alliance BC is a non-profit organization that offers a range of services and resources for individuals with disabilities, including those receiving CPP disability benefits. They provide information and support on various topics, such as navigating the application process, appealing decisions, and accessing other available benefits and programs.
2. Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC)
ESDC is a government department that manages the CPP disability program. They have a website dedicated to providing information on CPP disability benefits, including eligibility criteria, application process, and rights and responsibilities. You can also find helpful resources, such as guides and forms, on their website.
3. Disability Tax Credit
If you qualify for CPP disability benefits, you may also be eligible for the Disability Tax Credit (DTC). The DTC is a non-refundable tax credit that provides financial assistance to individuals with disabilities or their supporting family members. It can help reduce the amount of income tax you owe.
4. Disability Employment Services
If you are interested in returning to work or need support in finding employment, there are disability employment services available. These services can help you with job search assistance, career counseling, skills training, and workplace accommodations. They can also provide guidance on how returning to work may impact your CPP disability benefits.
5. Community Organizations
Various community organizations across Canada offer resources and support for individuals with disabilities. These organizations may provide advocacy, counseling, peer support, and access to community programs and services. They can also connect you with local support groups and workshops.
Remember to reach out to these supplemental resources to fully understand your rights and options as a Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits recipient. They can provide valuable assistance and guidance throughout your journey.
When applying for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Disability Benefits, it is important to avoid common mistakes that can result in a denial of your claim. Here are some of the most common mistakes applicants make:
One of the biggest mistakes applicants make is not providing sufficient medical documentation to support their disability claim. Without proper medical evidence, it can be difficult for the CPP to determine the extent of your disability and how it affects your ability to work. Make sure to gather all relevant medical records, doctor’s reports, and any other supporting documentation to strengthen your claim.
Another common mistake is missing important deadlines during the application process. It is crucial to understand and adhere to all deadlines set by the CPP. This includes submitting your application within the specified time frame and providing any additional information or documentation requested by the CPP in a timely manner. Missing deadlines can result in delays or a denial of benefits.
When applying for CPP Disability Benefits, it is essential to include a detailed work history that highlights the nature of your previous jobs. This information helps the CPP assess the impact of your disability on your ability to work. Failing to provide accurate and comprehensive work history can lead to misunderstandings about your disability and may affect the outcome of your claim.
It is important to be thorough and accurate when completing your application for CPP Disability Benefits. Take the time to gather all required documentation, meet all deadlines, and provide detailed information about your disability and work history. Avoiding these common mistakes can increase your chances of a successful benefits application.
Canada Pension Plan Disability benefits are monetary benefits provided by the Canadian government to individuals who have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working.
To be eligible for Canada Pension Plan Disability benefits, individuals must have made enough contributions to the Canada Pension Plan while working, must have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working, and must be under the age of 65.
The amount of money an individual can receive through Canada Pension Plan Disability benefits is based on their average earnings and the number of years they have contributed to the Canada Pension Plan. The maximum amount for 2021 is $1,203.75 per month.
If your application for Canada Pension Plan Disability benefits is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision. You can request a reconsideration of your case and provide any additional medical or supporting documentation to strengthen your application. It is recommended to seek the assistance of a disability lawyer or advocate to navigate the appeals process.
If your condition improves and you are able to return to work, you must inform the Canadian government. Depending on your situation, your benefits may either be terminated or reduced, and you may be required to participate in a vocational rehabilitation program to assist in your return to work.
Canada Pension Plan disability benefits are monthly payments provided by the Canadian government to individuals who have a severe and prolonged disability that prevents them from working. These benefits aim to provide financial support to those who are unable to earn a living due to their disability.